F2.4 Freeze-thaw freshwater lakes

F2. Lakes biome

F2

Profile summary

Full profile at https://global-ecosystems.org/explore/groups/F2.4

Brief description

Many plants and animals survive surface freezing of freshwater lakes, in dormant life stages, by reducing activity beneath the ice, or by moving. Such freshwater lakes vary enormously in size and distribution, providing a wide range of habitats for many organisms, which undergo a succession of emergence during lake thaw. The annual thaw triggers highly productive plant and animal activity, beginning with diatom algae and then zooplankton. Habitat diversity increases with lake size, increasing the variety of plankton, aquatic plants, waterbugs, birds, and sometimes fish.

Key features

Waterbodies with frozen surfaces for at least one month of the year, with spring thaw initiating trophic successional dynamics beginning with a flush of diatom productivity. Deeper lakes may be cold stratified and fish tolerate oxygen depletion in winter.

Overview of distribution

Boreal regions, cool temperate continental Eurasia and North America and high altitudes of South America regions.

Map description

Location of small and large natural lakes was taken from the HydroLAKES database (types 1 an 3 in Messager et al. 2016). We included all lakes with minimum temperature below 0°C (Linke et al. 2019). Occurrences were aggregated to ten minute spatial resolution..

Map code and version: F2.4.web.mix v1.0. DOI

Version history

Profile versions

  • v2.1 (2022-04-06): RT Kingsford; S Bertilsson; LJ Jackson; B Robson; DA Keith.1
  • v2.01 (NA): NA.
  • v2.0 (2020-06-24): RT Kingsford; S Bertilsson; LJ Jackson; B Robson; DA Keith.
  • v1.0 (2020-01-20): RT Kingsford; LJ Jackson; DA Keith.
  • v1.0 (2020-05-20): RT Kingsford; LJ Jackson; DA Keith.

Available maps

Read more details about the current map versions here.

  • Web navigation (code: F2.4.web.mix, version v1.0)
  • Indicative Map (code: F2.4.IM.mix, version v1.0)

Read more details about older or alternative versions of maps for this functional group.

  • Indicative Map: discarded (code: F2.4.IM.orig, version v2.0)
  • Indicative Map: discarded (code: F2.4.IM.alt, version v2.0)
  • Web navigation: duplicated (code: F2.4.web.map, version v1.0)
  • Indicative Map: replaced (code: F2.4.IM.orig, version v1.0)
  • Web navigation: requires review (code: F2.4.web.orig, version v1.0)

References

Main references

References used in the different versions of the profiles.

  • Adrian R, Walz N, Hintze, T, Hoeg S, Rusche R (1999) Effects of ice duration on plankton succession during spring in a shallow polymictic lake Freshwater Biology 41: 621-634
  • Bertilsson S, Burgin A, Carey CC, Fey SB, Grossart H, Grubisic LM, Jones ID, Kirillin G, Lennon JT, Shade A, Smyth RL (2013) The under-ice microbiome of seasonally frozen lakes Limnology Oceanography 58: 1998–2012

Map references

References used in the different versions of the maps (current and discarded).

  • Abell R, Thieme ML, Revenga C, Bryer M, Kottelat M, Bogutskaya N, Coad B, Mandrak N, Contreras Balderas S, Bussing W, Stiassny MLJ, Skelton P, Allen GR, Unmack P, Naseka A, Ng R, Sindorf N, Robertson J, Armijo E, Higgins JV, Heibel TJ, Wikramanayake E, Olson D, López HL, Reis RE, Lundberg JG, Sabaj Pérez MH, Petry P (2008) Freshwater ecoregions of the world: A new map of biogeographic units for freshwater biodiversity conservation, BioScience 58: 403–414. DOI:10.1641/B580507
  • Beck, H., Zimmermann, N., McVicar, T. et al. (2018) Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution Sci Data 5, 180214 DOI:10.1038/sdata.2018.214
  • Linke, S., Lehner, B., Ouellet Dallaire, C., Ariwi, J., Grill, G., Anand, M., Beames, P., Burchard-Levine, V., Maxwell, S., Moidu, H., Tan, F., Thieme, M. (2019) Global hydro-environmental sub-basin and river reach characteristics at high spatial resolution Scientific Data 6: 283 DOI:10.1038/s41597-019-0300-6
  • Messager, M.L., Lehner, B., Grill, G., Nedeva, I., Schmitt, O. (2016) Estimating the volume and age of water stored in global lakes using a geo-statistical approach Nature Communications 13603 DOI:10.1038/ncomms13603

Footnotes

  1. This is the current version available at official site.↩︎